Jour de Noël
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Lundi 25 décembre 2023
Catholique ou protestante : Depuis la préhistoire, les civilisations européennes ont célébré l'allongement des journées, y associant des rituels de cadeaux et des feux de joie. Dans l'empire romain, la fête de Saturnalia s'étendait sur plusieurs jours (fêtes, jeux de hasard). De même, les tribus germaniques y associaient des fêtes et des beuveries. Les Bulgares (avec Koleduvane) et les Polonais (avec Gwiazdka) perpétuent cette tradition. Il semble que Jésus de Nazareth soit né au printemps. Pourtant, le pape Jules 1er (4è siècle) avança cet anniversaire au 25 décembre pour concurrencer les célébrations païennes hivernales.
Jour de l'An
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Lundi 1 janvier 2024
Jour férié laïc : Fête la plus célébrée au monde, le Jour de l'An a été fixé au 1er janvier par Jules César car c'est à cette date que les consuls romains prenaient leurs fonctions. Il a été créé en 1582 par le pape Grégoire XIII pour corriger le retard que prenait le calendrier julien, initialement mis en place, sur le soleil. Les années sont bissextiles lorsque le millésime est divisible par 4, sauf 3 années séculaires sur 4. Paid holiday when falling on Saturday or Sunday
Vacances de Noël (fin)
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Lundi 8 janvier 2024
vacances scolaires : Http://www2.gnb.ca
calendar issued by the Ministry of Education
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Schooling is mandatory till age 18
number of instructional days per year in lower secondary education: 185
schools close on Saturday
school uniforms mostly required
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éclipse solaire
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Lundi 8 avril 2024
Culture : After crossing the Pacific, the path of totality passes south of Mexico's Islas Revillagigedo; Isla Socorro will actually see a total eclipse, although it is somewhat north of the centreline. The eclipse then clips the Islas Marias, and hits the Mexican mainland just south of Mazatlán, at 18:09 UT. Here, the path of totality is 199km wide, and the eclipse will last 4 minutes and 27 seconds.
The maximum eclipse occurs at 18:17 UT, near Nazas, Durango. The total eclipse will last 4 minutes 28.1 seconds, and will be visible over a path 198 km wide.
The path of totality then moves north-east through Sinaloa and Durango to Coahuila; Torreón should see the total eclipse about 18:19 UT. The centre of the eclipse crosses the Mexico-US border at Piedras Negras / Eagle Pass, at 18:30 UT. The total eclipse at this point is still 4 minutes and 27 seconds on the centreline. The total eclipse then heads north-east across the USA, crossing Texas, the south-east corner of Oklahoma, and Arkansas. The centreline of totality will pass just south of Dallas at 18:42 UT, with the total eclipse still over 4 minutes 20 seconds on the centreline. At 18:51 UT, the eclipse will be just south of Nimrod Lake, Arkansas -- 21 years later, the total eclipse of August 12, 2045 crosses the same spot; part of the incredible USA eclipse bonanza.
The centre passes just north of Little Rock, Arkansas, before crossing into Missouri; St. Louis is unlucky again, being just north of the eclipse path for the second time in 7 years at 18:59 UT. The eclipse then passes into southern Illinois; it passes just south of Carbondale at 19:01 UT, at which point the total eclipse will last 4 minutes 9 seconds on the centreline, and be visible over a path 186 km wide. This same spot saw a total eclipse just 7 years previously, on August 21, 2017. The eclipse path then crosses Indiana, with the centreline passing just south of Indianapolis at 19:08 UT; it then passes over Ohio, with the centreline passing over the waters of Lake Erie. The centreline will pass almost right over Buffalo, New York, at 19:20 UT; the eclipse duration is down to 3 minutes 45 seconds on the centreline, but that's still spectacular. With the path of totality still 178 km wide, Niagara Falls should see a good total eclipse. After crossing northern New York state, the centre of the eclipse clips Vermont and then passes briefly into Canada, before re-entering the USA in Maine, at 19:31 UT. The eclipse duration here is down to 3 minutes 27 seconds, but that's still a very long total eclipse. The eclipse path then crosses into New Brunswick, and clips the north of Prince Edward Island before passing right over the Magdalen Islands at 19:39 -- the centreline of totality will pass just north of Fatima, with the duration of the eclipse still over 3 minutes and the path width 167 km.
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